Understanding Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are widely recognized for their impact on air quality, human health, and regulatory standards across industries. Understanding VOCs - what they are, where they’re found, and their potential effects - empowers consumers and professionals alike to make safer, more sustainable material choices. 

What are VOCs?

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are chemicals that readily evaporate into the air. Common in products like paints, coatings, adhesives, and sealants, VOCs help improve application by aiding in the drying process and creating a smooth finish. But as VOCs evaporate, they can harm air quality and raise environmental and health concerns.  

What are the sources of VOCs?

VOCs come from both natural and synthetic sources, and they’re present in various products used daily across industries. Common sources include chemicals like acetone (used in various paint thinners), toluene (found in many adhesives), and formaldehyde (common in some building materials and insulation). These compounds are essential in various industrial applications but are also key contributors to air pollution when they evaporate. 

Examples of VOCs

VOCs include a range of different chemicals, each used for specific functions but all releasing emissions that can impact air quality and human health. Knowing where these volatile organic compounds are typically found helps in managing and reducing exposure. 

VOCs in everyday products 

VOCs are not limited to industrial use. Common household products like air fresheners, disinfectants, and varnishes also release certain VOC emissions, affecting indoor air quality. Additional sources include personal care products, mostly in aerosols such as deodorant and hairspray - everyday items that contribute to VOC levels in indoor spaces. 

Are there VOCs in paint and coatings?

VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) are commonly found in paints and coatings and are linked to air quality and potential human health risks. While VOCs assist in application and drying, they begin evaporating during application and continue releasing emissions as the coating cures and dries, which can impact indoor air quality. Below, we’ll explore VOC levels in various types of products and highlight VOC-free options for safer alternatives: 

VOCs in paints 

For professionals using liquid paints, VOCs are a known issue. Traditional liquid paints contain volatile organic compounds, and their VOC levels vary depending on the paint type, with industrial paints historically containing higher VOC levels for added durability. Unfortunately, these volatile organic compounds contribute to indoor air pollution and can lead to respiratory issues, especially for workers with prolonged exposure. 

VOCs in liquid coatings

In industrial settings, coatings are used widely for their protective qualities, yet many formulations rely on VOCs to achieve smooth application and lasting adhesion. During the drying process, VOCs are released, creating health considerations for those workers that are frequently exposed. With heightened awareness of these risks, more companies are now shifting to VOC-free or low VOC coatings to maintain performance without the emissions associated with VOCs. 

VOCs in powder coatings

Powder coatings are a distinct alternative, as they contain zero volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Since powder coatings don’t require solvents, and application is done through electrostatic spray they are VOC-free. For industries aiming to reduce their VOC levels, powder coatings are an excellent solution, helping meet both performance needs and sustainability goals. 

Key factors influencing VOC levels

1. Formulation type: High solids, ultra-high solids, or compliant low-VOC technologies reduce solvent use in liquid coatings and paints. 

2. Application requirements: Solvent-borne systems are often preferred for certain industrial or outdoor applications where rapid curing and high durability are needed. 

3. Regulations: VOC limits vary by region. For instance:  
 

EU Regulation: Waterborne coatings often comply with stricter VOC limits (below 200 g/L). 

US EPA Rules: VOC limits depend on product category (e.g., architectural, industrial) and state regulations (e.g., California CARB standards). 

Benefits of powder coatings

Powder coatings offer multiple advantages, versus liquid coatings beyond their VOC-free formulation.

They provide: 

● Benefit 1: Safe application 

Powder coatings contain no VOCs, creating a safer workspace by avoiding harmful emissions.

● Benefit 2: Emissions reduction 

The VOC-free nature of powder coatings reduces the need for VOC-based solvents, supporting companies' efforts to lower emissions and reduce their environmental footprint and in particular their carbon footprint. VOCs contribute significantly to climate change, as 1 kg of VOC equals 4.23 kg of CO₂ equivalent (the European Commission PEF method). 

● Benefit 3: Compliance with environmental regulations 

With stricter regulations on VOC emissions, powder coatings offer a compliant and more sustainable option versus VOC containing liquid coatings. VOC-free coatings enable companies to meet regulatory standards while demonstrating a commitment to reducing their environmental impact. 

VOCs are prevalent in paints, coatings, and many everyday products, presenting human health and environmental risks. By choosing VOC-free solutions like powder coatings, companies can reduce emissions, improve workplace safety, and align with sustainable practices that support a healthier environment. Moving towards new and innovative low-emission alternatives represent a responsible choice that meets regulatory standards and can enhance product performance.